Myasthenia Gravis :: essays research papers

In 1890, German medical professor Wilhelm Erb and other physicians had been observing several cases of a neuromuscular disease that they believed was affecting how nerve impulses were transmitted to muscle at the neuromuscular junction. The patient’s experienced a "grave muscular weakness" and Wilhelm named it myasthenia gravis. Through further research, the physicians discovered whether it affected the eye muscles first, or created difficulty in talking, chewing and swallowing, or in using the arms and legs it was neither hereditary nor contagious. Their discoveries lead to more detailed research. In the early 1970s when Muscular Dystrophy Association, using snake venom, observed that patients with the disease had decreased numbers of acetylcholine receptors. Thus, discovering that the disease affected acetylcholine receptors of the skeletal muscles. The Muscular Dystrophy Association also found that, in rabbits, an immune attack against the acetylcholine receptors resulted in muscle membrane damage that is similar to that seen in human myasthenia gravis. This rabbit experiment was responsible for a large portion of what scientists now know about myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia gravis causes a progressive and abnormally rapid fatigue of the voluntary muscles. It is known as an autoimmune disease, in which the body generates an immune system attack against its own skeletal muscles. This arises when lymphocytes in the blood produce antibodies that destroy muscle-cell receptors for acetylcholine molecules, preventing muscle contractions. The antibodies have been shown to decrease the usefulness of acetylcholine receptors through accelerated endocytosis and blockade of the receptor. Endocytosis is when extracellular substances are being incorporated into the cell by vesicles forming inward through budding of the plasma membrane. Researchers have been able to demonstrate the effect of antibodies on acetylcholine receptor by using radioactively labeled alpha bungaroo toxin, a snake poison, to follow the rate of degradation. Antibodies from patients with myasthenia gravis cause an increase in the rate of degradation of acetylcholine receptors. Blockade of acetylcholine receptors is another form of autoimmune attack from myasthenia gravis. Antibodies from these patients have been shown to block the acetylcholine binding sites preventing acetylcholine from binding to its receptor and opening the ion channel. The antibodies may bind near the acetylcholine binding site rather than directly on it, because the acetylcholine binding site is so small. In this case, the antibodies would prevent acetylcholine from binding at the receptor by interfering with the acetylcholine molecule as it moves towards its receptor. Symptoms for some one with myasthenia gravis include a flattened smile and droopy eyes, with slow pupillary light responses.

Clarke Case Study

CSR 3/13/13 Going Green The company Clarke is a family company that has grown, since 1946, and is now the largest Mosquito Abatement firm out of all the districts in the US. They have been involved in the industry since 1927 when John Clark Sr. wrote the legislation that established the Mosquito Abatement District in the state of Illinois. The main goal was to produce a full, high-quality selection of products for the Mosquito Abatement Districts, taxpayer-funded municipal regions; individual administered, and state government entities.Starting out with their mission to provide pesticide applications, they have grown to turnkey mosquito management systems, which include necessary personnel, chemical, and public education equipment. This case involves the company Clarke and their efforts to go green, and focus on environmental CSR, which seems to be what most companies are trying to do now-a-days. Consumers see going green as a company who is producing goods that are not harmful to th e environment. It projects an overall better image for the company, which in return pleases environmentalists and helps to generate a better customer database a larger profit.It also gives companies a way to be innovative with their products and differentiate themselves from all of their competitors in the market, and promotes a global initiative to provide a better overall living environment for the consumers. Their overall goal was to be able to shift their industry and bring in a new business model that would be able to change the industry in a positive way and give them an upper hand on their competition. They followed four core values, which are: 1. Extend the Reach: Responding to the growing interest in environmentalism. . Innovate: Helping their company grow with new products. 3. Sustainability 4. One Clark: Creating a culture of shared aspirations. Over the course of time, Clarke’s new developed product called â€Å"Natular†, was redeveloped and made environmen t friendly for multiple aquatic habitats such as lakes, ponds, retention ponds, and potable water containers. The main issue that the company faces is that they are having difficulty adding this product because it would potentially alter the overall consumers that they have.And with the company trying to go green, this product does not really promote the â€Å"going green’ initiative, mainly because the fact of the matter is that this product is still a pesticide. It seems a bit contradicting to go green when you are producing pesticide products. Question: How does a company become a pesticide leader, demonstrating environmental responsibility in everything it does, in a way that is both profitable and credible to its customers, employees and other stakeholders?The question stated above is what the main issue that was discussed in their recent meeting, and how they could go about solving this issue without sabotaging their business as a whole and losing their current custome rs. I believe that the bottom line is that they can go green but by what methods can you use to begin the process being that they are the industry that they are. The type of industry that they are in are already making products that have been know to harm the environment, not by choice to harm the environment, but that’s typically what they do when consumers use them for the things that they are used for.In this case killing mosquitos. Which also in the long run can be very costly for the companies because there are specific regulations that they are to follow that are enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency, and they can also shut down any operations that Clarke has going on if the suspect that they are in fact not following the regulations that they are to abide by, and that could make it more difficult to create new products that could help them promote going green.With their four goals that I mentioned earlier, they should really have no problem with trying to imp lement new CSR strategies that would eventually make them more environment friendly. They just have to be sure that they abide by regulations and continue working to develop their products to be more environment friendly until they achieve their overall goal.

Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay

Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. There were several people involved in the industrialization process, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The Industrial Revolution completely restructured the old America into a completely different place in which we now live in. These changes brought about railroads, manufacturing cities, and population growth; this also brought new inventions such as electricity and steel itself. Although it had some positive impacts, it also introduced new problems such as the dramatic difference between the rich and the poor. Overall, it led to the change from agriculture to machinery. The Industrial Revolution began in England and came to the United States in the early 1800s. Before the Industrial Revolution, â€Å"manufacturing was often done in people s homes, using hand tools or basic machines.† (n.a ., 2009). Most people lived in small rural communities in which their daily lives revolved around farming and other agricultural activities. Life was difficult for everyone since most families didn’t have good income; also, malnourishment and disease were common. People often relied on small items and tools while farming; these tools and items didn’t seem to adapt much before the Industrial Revolution. While the Industrial Revolution was on the verge of beginning, iron ore and coal played a major role inShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesO Sullivan HIS 1102 29 March 2015 Industrialization in Europe Industrialization is a noun given the definition of the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country (Dictionary.com). Tools have been around forever, but until the industrialization they required human labor to use. Almost every aspect of life was changed during this time. The industrial revolution was first used to describe a new economyRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution is a technological phenomenon that still continues to this day, in the form of its fourth to fifth wave. Ever since the late 1700s, our society has evolved over nearly two and a half centuries, for better or for worse. However, most of the negatives then have disappeared into obscurity and the positives have only grown more and more. So while some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of chi ld workers and the poor conditionsRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution859 Words   |  4 Pagesworked in farms. In the mid 1700’s events changed the way of life. These events are called the Industrial Revolution. It was a long, uneven process that affected peoples’ lives. Simple tools where changed to complex machines; from human and animal power to electricity. Rural societies became urban. Industrialization brought a variety of goods and an improved way of living to many. Agricultural Revolution is when people learn to farm and domesticate animals. It contributed to a rapid population growthRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries CE, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine,Read MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1635 Words   |  7 Pages Just as it was in the 18th and 19th centuries when the industrial revolution began, today people fear that technology is d estroying jobs. Prior to the industrial revolution manufacturing was often done in peoples homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered special purpose machinery, factories and mass production. Yet at this time people feared for their jobs because the machinery resulted in often-grim employment opportunities many people argue that theRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay2415 Words   |  10 Pages There are many identifying factors unique to Britain that were responsible for industrial innovation, change, growth and contraction during the period defined by the industrial revolution in Britain. By about 1750 Britain had become a world leader as a trading nation, with London becoming the warehouse of the world. London also had an efficient financial centre selling services such as insurance, including shipping insurance. It is estimated that 600,000 people lived in London at this time and aRead MoreIndustrializatio n Of The Industrial Revolution1996 Words   |  8 PagesThe Industrial Revolution started advancing in the mid-18th century after many sought new and more efficient methods of production to accomplish the needs of society . The Industrial Revolution brought with it an array of changes: an increase in population, the rise of new building typologies, redistributions of wealth and fluctuations of living conditions. The Industrial Revolution broke out in England with most of the important technological innovations being British ; with the application of reliableRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1332 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 18th and 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution played an integral role in the development of today’s world. Railroads were forming, factories were mass producing goods, medicines were being created, and communication was on the rise. Looking back on this time period, we can see how important all of these developments really were. Mechanization played a major role in the Industrial Revolution as people began to apply reason to manufacturing. Humans were flawed and such machineryRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution1214 Words   |  5 Pagesthe emergence of the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the British economy forever.† (White, M, The Industrial Revolution). The industrial revolution sparked the development of capitalist economies and as a consequence a division of labour was formed. Therefore the capitalist system is seen as a natural consequence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a period in which societies became industrial due to there being anRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization – ever changing the face and heartbeat of our society and the world in which we live – since the Industrial Revolut ion began in Britain (from 1760 until sometime between 1820 and 1840). The improvement of business acquisitions and evolution of trade were essential to the Industrial Revolution. Most of the British population lived in the countryside, in small villages, and interacted closely within their family unit and work. Industrialization, however, drastically altered the

Characteristics of Japanese Magnolia (Saucer Magnolia)

The Truth, Belief, And Justification - 982 Words

According to the questions raised by the directions of this essay, the central questions in the Theory of Knowledge are usually found in the most central areas of western philosophy as one studies the nature, source, and validity of knowledge. Despite the fact that people might use the word â€Å"know† but many have difficulty grasping the concept. Although you could classify knowledge in different ways but the main concern of epistemology is a propositional knowledge which is the facts, analyzing the truth, belief, and justification. Epistemology is important in how we think. How we rely upon our senses and develop concepts in our minds. Are humans capable of knowing, understanding everything or something in the universe too complicated for any human being (essay directions). As a human, there are many limitations and the brains are faulty. A perfect example is one person could not visit the trillions of solar systems and explore all planets in the universe. Our jour ney through life is constantly a learning process. God knows that man is limited because he made him that way. He knows that man will side with many ways of the world, as he has given man a soul which gives man the opportunity to learn the true knowledge. There are facts to true knowledge and yet there are many guesses and opinions (essay direction). Atheists disagree about the existence of god, to believe in miracles, or to accept the revelation and scriptures as authoritative which lead up to theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Knowledge? : Nature Of Belief, Justification And Truth Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagescan be taken many ways. Knowledge is a justified belief, one that is different opinion. Knowledge is the basis to which beliefs are known, whereas an opinion is a belief which is not known. Unit III A focuses on the etymology of the word knowledge which is defined as the study of epistemology. Philosophy finds its â€Å"true beginning† from the study of epistemology. To have knowledge means to find an equal ground between true beliefs and justified beliefs. For the basis of this paper, the three sub topicsRead MoreInternalism Theory of Knowledge1183 Words   |  5 PagesInternalism is one of the epistemic theories of knowle dge and is explained as the effects that cause beliefs to be justified or unjustified. They are called J- factors and they must in some way, be internal to the subject. The best way to internalize J-Factors is to limit them to beliefs. The constraint internalists place on J-Factors is more plausibly constructed in terms of intellectual convenience. What meets the requirements as a J-factor must be something that is cognitively easily reached toRead MoreUse The Justified True Belief ( Jtb ) Theory909 Words   |  4 PagesJustified True Belief (JTB) theory to define knowledge. As according to JTB theory, knowledge constitutes three attributes that include: truth, justification, and belief. According to the traditional analysis of knowledge, JTB is sufficient and necessary for knowledge. In the tripartite analysis of knowledge, the first condition is; S knows that P if and only if P is true. In the second condition, S must belief in p, and the last condition is that S must be justifie d by believing in P. For a belief to beRead MorePlato s View On Epistemology1459 Words   |  6 Pagespresenting the issues with both Plato’s and Gettier’s arguments. Plato’s view on epistemology is an attempt to explicate propositional knowledge; the knowledge of facts. It is composed of three separate conditions, truth, belief, and justification. I will begin by explaining the truth condition. This condition is generally unrefuted by epistemologists for how can we know something that is false? We can think we know something and then it turns out we don’t, but that just means we were wrong to thinkRead MoreWeaknesses And Philosophies Of The Correspondence Theory Of Truth733 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION Truth is a tricky thing. What is truth? How is truth determined? How is truth verified? There have been many theories surrounding this idea since practically the dawn of human sentience. Philosophers have developed theory after theory to try and answer these questions. One of these theories is called the Correspondence Theory. The Correspondence Theory, also known as the Correspondence Theory of Truth, is significant to the epistemological study of truth. It has been a revolvingRead MoreReasons For Thinking That Either Foundationalism Or Coherentism About Justification Must Be True?1621 Words   |  7 Pagesabout justification must be true? In a discussion of foundationalism and coherentism, the pyramid and raft are metaphors frequently used to help explain how these two theories respectively function. Foundationalism implies that any body of knowledge can be divided up into parts that relate or constitute some understanding of this knowledge. The foundationalists’ pyramid represents such a body; the axioms (self-evident truths) of the system all sit at the bottom of the structure and each truth throughoutRead MoreIs Reliabilism Is True, Could We Ever Know Whether We Know Anything?1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthat will be presented, it is suggested that there is no way of knowing whether we know anything, when using the reliabilist form of justification as a way to reach truth. To begin, reliabilism is a form of justification where we do not need to account for the exact sources our beliefs come from because it â€Å"is externalist in character† (Handout 10). Moreover, a belief is justified if it was formed by an unconditionally reliable process, or by a conditionally reliable process that receives input fromRead MoreEmpirical Justification On The Right Track By Accepting Basic Belief Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesFoundationalism empirical justification is on the right track by accepting basic belief although there are some complications I will be attempting to show how non-propositional and non-conceptual states can stand in evidentiary relation to propositions. There is still some work must be done to prove what can constitute as basic beliefs and how they develop a sense of truth. â€Å"Epistemological account of empirical knowledge must provide a general account of standards of epistemic justification that pertains toRead MoreTheories Of Knowledge, Justified Belief And Truth897 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of knowledge, justified belief and truth has been a primary focus of philosophers for a long time and I believe will continue to be. What I consider to be the biggest issue when it comes to Epistemology is how we justify our beliefs. How can we be sure that our justifications for our beliefs are sufficient? Also, how do we ensure that our sources of knowledge have sufficient justifications for their knowledge and beliefs? Distinguishing between reliable sources of information andRead MoreThe Difference Between Truth And Belief1585 Words   |  7 Pages I would argue that the single most important feature that defines the difference between truth and belief is faith. If truth is justified belief I think in a lot of ways faith is unjustified belief . And by unjustified I mean there is not always a logical justification, in some cases there is but logical justification is not a requirement for faith, at least in my experience. I understand that to have faith in something is often considered a positive thing, and do not get me wrong, it can be. I am

Upgrading an HR System Free Essays

string(94) " will test the new system, document any errors, and report any errors to the project manager\." Manufacturing is a company looking to upgrade their HR System. Their HR System is out of date and needs to improve its usefulness and effectiveness. Based on the Service Request SR-rm-004, this paper will prepare and describe information-gathering techniques and design methods for the Riordan Manufacturing HR System project. We will write a custom essay sample on Upgrading an HR System or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will also identify key factors that will help ensure information for the project is gathered. The paper will also explain the scope and feasibility of the project.Finally, this paper will design and implement a new HR system for Riordan Manufacturing. Information-gathering techniques Information-gathering techniques are one of many important roles that will help with Riordan Manufacturing HR System. Gathering information from sources must be reliable and valid for the project. In addition, the information must relate to the project and fulfill the requirements as well. For the current project of collecting information, several techniques will be used for the project. The techniques on gathering information will be from surveys/questionnaires and interviews.The information will be gathered from individuals that work in the HR Department. This will help the project to indentify the HR system, how effective it operates and how it functions within the organization. Gathering information from the HR Department will help identify what will work best for the HR System. The information that comes from individuals will need to be from people who work in the HR department. Information collected from individuals who work outside the HR department can sometimes give false information and result in a project failure or errors that will occur in the new system.Other sources that will be used when gathering information will be books, journals, articles, and experts. These sources can assist the project by gathering information from the Internet, which helps to complete the project on time and reduces cost. Another aspect would be gathering information and collaboration and brainstorming with experts. Collaboration and brainstorming helps create ideas and gathers information about the subject for the project. This part of gathering information will be from people who are experienced in the field and are experts about creating an HR System.The individuals that will be working on this project will also research the type of software and hardware that will be used to determine what is best for the project. Information gathering design The design aspect when gathering information will be organized accordingly to the project. The project will examine the current HR System for their functional effectiveness. Once the current HR System has been examined, the information will determine what needs to be improved. Another part of the project will be gathering information that relates directly to the outcome of the project. The first parts of gathering information that will be used in the project are identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques that will be used. As soon as the techniques have been identified, the best techniques will be used accordingly. The next step will be using the techniques that fit best to gather the proper information. Then the information will be analyzed to see if it is compatible for the project. Once the information is analyzed, then the most effective information will be used to complete the project. The information needs to be valid, accurate, precise, and reliable.These factors are crucial concerning gathering information because it helps obtain the correct information about the subject. After gathering information for the design of the project, it has been determined that the Riordan manufacturing will be adding software to its HR system and will be upgrading its current hardware because of its lack of feedback and effectiveness of its current HR system. Scope Feasibility The scope and feasibility is an important part of the project. This determines the project’s outcome, usefulness, effectiveness, cost, and time it takes the project to be completed.This also determines the future outcome of the project and will be needed for an upgrade. The scope of the project will be determine and completed within six months. The resources constraints of completing the project will be determine by cost and time. The cost could be higher from the original cost for the completion of the project. The expected cost of the project will be $50,000. This will include paying the project team, cost of software, and hardware. The V. P. of operations of Riordan Manufacturing will approve any changes made to the project.The project team that will be working on this project will be the IT department within the company. Each phase of the project will be completed within the time that was given. IF the project team cannot complete each phase on time, the project team will work overtime. Each phase of the project will be tested and a detailed report will be created after each phase is completed. The V. P. of operations will sign off the report when each phase is completed. The individuals that will test during each phase of the project will be several members of the HR department.As soon as the HR System has been tested and finalized, each member of the HR department will be trained to operate the new software that will be added to the upgraded HR System. Application Architecture and Process Design The first step of the process design is determining the requirements for the project such as software, the project team, and hardware. The project team includes the project manager, three programmers, four IT techs, and testers from the HR department. The project manager will keep track of the project by documenting each phase aspect, determine the software and hardware requirements for the project, and report to the V.P. of Operations. The programmers will implement the new software and install / customize according to the project needs. The IT techs will install the hardware, test the hardware, and network the new system within the HR department. The testers will be employees directly from the HR department. The testers will test the new system, document any errors, and report any errors to the project manager. You read "Upgrading an HR System" in category "Papers" If any errors occur during each testing phase, the project team will be able to resolve them, retest the system, and document the conclusions after the phase has been completed.When each phase has been completed and passed, the V. P. of Operations will sign a document of completion. The hardware needed for the project will be new computers that will use the new software. The computers would need to be up to date and powerful enough to comply under the policy of the company. The computers will be networked within the HR department. This will allow each member of the HR department to access the company’s data. Other hardware being upgraded will include the router, switches, and cabling to network the new computers to the server.We will need to upgrade the server accordingly to the project specifications. Each computer will be password protected. The network setup will remain in the same format as the original setup. The only difference from the original setup is the upgraded hardware. The applications will be upgraded from the current software. The original software being used for the HR Department was Microsoft Office 1997. The project team will be upgrading the software to Microsoft Office 2007. Using the upgraded software will add more features, a better interface, and be current.Microsoft Office 2007 will be used to create customized documents, and keep track of employee information. The company will be adding proprietary software, which will require training be used properly. The software is called Intuit QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions. This software is ideal for the upgraded HR System. The software will be used to manage payroll and employee information, keep track of expenses, manage the company’s bank accounts and used for accounting purposes, keep track of sales, manage customer information and purchases, and track inventory.Options of using reporting and analysis tools, data protection, password protection, will be considered. Another part of the design that will be upgrading is the Operating System (OS). The OS that will be used is Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate. Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate is ideal for the application design software for the HR department. Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate has more options compared to other versions of Windows software. It can be easily customized and adjusted for businesses needs. Unlike the other versions of Windows, Windows Ultimate is more secure and has more compatibility options than previous versions.An option example would be the Windows XP Mode. This mode would allow the HR department to use older business applications that was specifically for Windows XP. Norton Antivirus will help protect the system as well in case a virus may have compromised the system. The OS, Microsoft Office 2007, and Intuit QuickBooks Enterprise Solution, and Norton Antivirus will be added to the HR system. Security Security is important concerning a business’s system. If a system is vulnerable, then the system is not protected and data will be at risk. To help improve security, each computer will have password protection.The type of security that will be used when a member of the HR department logs on to the HR system will have a administrator password. The HR and IT department will have only access to the HR system. The new system will store the data on the HR system server. Changes made to each file such as employee information, customized documents, and payroll will be stored on the upgraded HR system’s server. Each created file will be backed up to a separate backup server in case the system should fail. In addition, the HR department will create copies of the files to be used in case the file or the data is corrupted.If the file or data is corrupted, the IT department will determine the problem, and either fixed the corrupted data or replace the corrupted file with one of the backup files. Norton Antivirus will be used on each computer in case a virus accidently gets into the system. The antivirus program will keep the system clean and protected from any viruses that may have infected and compromised the integrity of the system. The system will be monitored at all times by the IT department. If the system should fail, the backup server will be used in place of the original server.As soon as the original server is fixed, the files will be copied from the backup server onto the original server. Each member in the HR department will be monitored. The activities that each member does on each computer will be monitored in case the employee should compromise the system’s security. If a member of the HR department should leave or quit, every computer and system’s password will be changed to keep security at a high level. Each computer will have access to the Internet but will be limited to certain websites to facilitate higher security and work productivity.Physical Data Flow Diagrams Project Team Flow Diagram [pic] Hardware Flow Diagram [pic] Applications Flow Diagram with OS [pic] Implementation stage After designing the system, the implementation stage will begin. The implementation stage is the outcome of the design stage. After the system has been tested, the system will be up and running. Implementation stage will continue until it meets the company’s requirements for completion of the new HR system. This stage will take approximately one month to complete. The V. P. f operations will sign a completion document stating that the project has been completed and will be ready for operation. The implementation stage contains six stages. These six stages are coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support. Coding The programmers will be writing code for the HR system. The software is Intuit QuickBooks Enterprise, Microsoft Office 2007, Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate, and Norton Antivirus. The programmers will make a few minor changes to these programs to better fit and operate within the system’s design.The IT Techs will maintain the software and apply updates to the system accordingly. Coding will also include password protection. Developing code for the new HR system for password protection is vital to keep employee’s personal inform ation, company’s records and finances protected. Having the system protected keeps intruders such as hackers out of the system. If there are errors when the programmers are coding, then the programmers will resolve the errors. Once coding has been completed, the V. P of operations will sign a document stating that the coding has been tested and completed. TestingTesting is an important activity during the implementation stage. The testers that be involved are part of the HR department and IT department. These testers will test the HR system for any type of error and if the system is stable when operational. These tests include probing the new system for errors, glitches within the modified software, coding, and hardware. Programmers will also test the code to see if there are any errors. These errors must be resolved in order for the system to be certified completed. The HR department will test the software modifications. The IT techs will test the hardware.Each tester will document a written report of what was involved, tested, and if there should be changes or improvements to the system. When there are no more changes needed, and no improvements need to be made, then the testing phase will be considered complete. Once it has been completed, it will be documented and signed by the V. P. of Operations stating the testing stage have been completed. Installation Installing the hardware will be one of the IT techs main functions. The hardware to be installed are computers, the server, router, printers, switches, and the cabling.The setup of the network will be the same as the original network setup. The IT techs will test the hardware to make sure it is working properly. If the network should fail, the IT techs will resolve any errors and maintain 100% uptime. The installation of the hardware will be documented by the IT techs. The completion of the hardware installation will be documented and signed by the V. P. of Operations. Installing the software will be one of the programmers main functions. The reason is that the programmers will modify the software accordingly to the company’s needs.The software will be modified to the needs of the HR department. Once the installation of the software has been modified and completed the HR department will test it. Once it passes the testing phase, the V. P. of Operations will sign a documentation of completion. Documentation Each member of the project team will document what was involved during each phase, errors, what needs to be improved, resolving errors, and the completion of each phase. The testers will document what was being tested, if it needs to be improved, errors, and if it passes the test phase. The project manager will sign off and present the documents to the V. P. of Operations. The V. P. of Operations will sign off the completion of each stage, the project, and a document stating the system is operational ready to be implemented. Training The HR department employees including the supervisor will be trained to operate the new software that is installed for their department. The training will take about two weeks to complete. Each member will sign a documentation of completion of understanding and how to operate the new software. Support The IT department will support the new system.They will make any changes to the system if need be. They will also maintain and update the software and hardware according the system’s needs. The HR system will be monitored daily for any issues, errors, or intrusions. If the system should fail, the IT department will implement the backup system. The IT department will resolve any issues or problems if the server should fail. Once these problems have been resolved, the server will be brought back online. The IT department will document daily what was done to the system on any particular day. Benefits of using defined and repeatable processesThe benefits of using defined and repeatable processes in these activities in the implementation stage are that it allows having proper and well structured stages to complete the project and it eliminates errors. This also allows the project team to complete the project within the six months time frame and within the cost of the project. Developing a well proper structured implementation stage also lets the project team to work together rather than as separate entity, which can cause issues among the project team. If this should occur, then the project will not be completed. Each phase of the project can run smoothly without creating errors. Another benefit is that there is more of a complete understanding of the project. Conclusion In conclusion, the project team can complete the project within the time frame and within cost. The HR department sees that with the hardware installed the system will function correctly. The new system will be monitored and maintained daily by the IT department. References Exforsys Inc. : Execution for system. (2000-2010). Feasibility Study – Why needed before Programming. http://www. exforsys. com/tutorials/programming-concepts/feasibility-study-why-needed-before-programming. tml   Intuit Inc. (2010). Compare the advanced features of QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions with QuickBooks Pro and Premier. http://enterprisesuite. intuit. com/resources/switching/outgrowing/   Martin E. Model. (2007). The Interview And Other Data Gathering Methods. Http://www. martymodell. com/pgsa2/pgsa07. html Microsoft. (2010). Compare Editions. http://www. microsoft. com/windows/windows-7/compare/default. aspx Neville Turbit – Project Perfect. (July 19, 2010). Defining the Scope in IT Projects. http://www. projectperfect. com. au/info_define_the_scope. php How to cite Upgrading an HR System, Papers

Market Towards Sustainable Consumption †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketers are not doing enough in directing target market towards sustainable consumption. Answer: This is the world of limited resource and in this world, it is necessary that the use of resources should be minimum. Growth in such a world should be economically, socially as well as environmentally sustainable. The marketers play a major role in making the consumption of the customers sustainable (Thorpe, 2010). Sustainable consumption can be referred as the use of the product and services that have minimum impact on the environment and so that our future generation can make use of it. Sustainability in the consumption and production is very important and also act as the challenge for the marketers. Due to different forces such as government and stakeholders, pressure on the companies for being sustainable is increasing. The major challenge that has been faced by marketers is about identifying the sustainable brand and to communicate it to the consumers (Prothero, Dobscha, Freund, Kilbourne, Luchs, Ozanne and Thgersen, 2011). The company and the customers communicate and interact through theadvertising and marketing channels. Thus, marketers have the major role in maintaining the sustainability in consumption by the customers because they are the one who are responsible for attracting and forcing the customers to buy certain kinds of products. Marketers are the one who provides the information of sourcing and production o the products to the consumers and that is the only information that acts as the base for the customers to take their buying decisions. One of the major questions that arise is why there is a need for sustainability in consumption. The big reason is the urbanisation and the increasing population. More and more people are shifting from rural to urban areas, this leads to change in their demands and exploitation of the resources available (Peattie and Peattie, 2009). The rise in population also leads to over consumption of the resources as the numbers of people using the resources are increasing day by day but the resources availability is limited. It has been analysed that the marketers are not playing their role efficiently in catering the target market with the true information. There can be many reasons by marketers are not playing their role efficiently. The first reason is business. in order to enhance business the markets do not look for the sustainability aspect but market those products that are giving high profits to them without considering the harmful effects they may have on the society and the environment if they are consumed by the people (Kang, Liu and Kim, 2013). Another reason that restricts the marketers to provide the information about the sustainable consumption to the customers is the dilemma of choosing the sustainable brand from the competing brand. It is the challenge for the market to select one of the brand out of so many brands that is sustainable and using the sustainable processes and sources in production. The ever increasing demand of the people these days is also forcing the companies to make changes in the products now and then, these changes requires them to make use of the resources and exploit them (Tukker, Cohen, Hubacek and Mont, 2010). Thus, sourcing and producing the products sustainably is also very difficult for the companies. Companies are fooling the people by providing them false information through marketers regarding the process they use and the ingredients they use in producing their products. There are many false practices used by the companies an d the marketers to target the customers. Marketers try to sell more and more products to the consumers (Fedrigo and Hontelez, 2010). For customers, consumption is buying things and stuffs which lead to use of more and more resources and thus sustainability. This is a misconception in the minds of the customers that buying more things is consumption and this has been created by the marketers only. Customers think that consumption can be made sustainable only by using or buying things that are organic and not making use of more resources. However, they have to make sure that they are using the products in the amount that is enough for them and not more than that. This is because even the excessive use of sustainable products is creating and developing unsustainability in the environment (Tukker, Charter, Vezzoli, Sto and Andersen, 2008). Marketers act as the mediator between the consumers and the companies. They have the responsibility to provide correct information to the target customers by using some of the methods such s green marketing. Even inmarketing practices, the company should promote environment friendly behaviour and products. The marketers nee to boycott the products they found are unsustainable in any of the way whether it is economic, social or environmental. This discussion suggests that marketers are not playing their ole properly of creating the awareness among the customers about sustainable consumption. This is because of their greed to enhance their own business (Young, Hwang, McDonald and Oates, 2010). It is the need of hour for the marketers to realize their duty and communicate the target customers with the proper information through different medium of advertising and social media campaigns. These are the very important tools that can be sued to make the society aware about sustainability an d its importance in production and consumption. References: Thorpe, A., 2010. Design's role in sustainable consumption.Design Issues,26(2), pp.3-16. Prothero, A., Dobscha, S., Freund, J., Kilbourne, W.E., Luchs, M.G., Ozanne, L.K. and Thgersen, J., 2011. Sustainable consumption: Opportunities for consumer research and public policy.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,30(1), pp.31-38. Peattie, K. and Peattie, S., 2009. Social marketing: A pathway to consumption reduction?.Journal of Business Research,62(2), pp.260-268. Kang, J., Liu, C. and Kim, S.H., 2013. Environmentally sustainable textile and apparel consumption: the role of consumer knowledge, perceived consumer effectiveness and perceived personal relevance.International Journal of Consumer Studies,37(4), pp.442-452. Tukker, A., Cohen, M.J., Hubacek, K. and Mont, O., 2010. Sustainable consumption and production.Journal of Industrial Ecology,14(1), pp.1-3. Fedrigo, D. and Hontelez, J., 2010. Sustainable consumption and production.Journal of Industrial Ecology,14(1), pp.10-12. Tukker, A., Charter, M., Vezzoli, C., Sto, E. and Andersen, M.M., 2008.Perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production(Vol. 1). Greeenleaf Publishing. Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S. and Oates, C.J., 2010. Sustainable consumption: green consumer behaviour when purchasing products.Sustainable development,18(1), pp.20-31.